I-calcium silicon ekwenzeni insimbi eluhlaza? 

Uzwa ukwenziwa kwensimbi okuluhlaza bese ucabanga ngokushesha i-hydrogen, ama-arc furnaces kagesi, ukugaywa kabusha kwe-scrap. Kulungile? Lokho kuyisithombe esikhulu. Kepha ezansi ku-ladle, ekuthuthukisweni kwekhemistri yokuncibilika kokugcina, kukhona ihhashi elithule, elivame ukungaqondakali kahle: i-calcium silicon. Ayibukhazikhazi. I-deoxidizer, i-desulfurizer. Kodwa indima yayo ekushintsheni okuluhlaza imayelana nokuvumela ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi ezinqubweni ezintsha, ezidla kancane ikhabhoni kunokuba yisihloko sesihloko ngokwaso. Umbono oyiphutha uwuthatha njengenye nje yokwengezwa kwe-alloy. Eqinisweni, ukusebenza kwayo kunquma ukuthi insimbi yakho ihlanzeke kangakanani, ukuthi i-caster yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani, futhi ekugcineni, ingakanani isivuno oyitholayo emalini ebizayo, enekhabhoni ephansi yensimbi noma inkokhiso ye-scrap. Kwenze kungalungile, futhi izifiso zakho eziluhlaza zivaleka ukuvaleka kwe-nozzle kanye nokufakwa ngaphandle kwe-spec.

I-Core Mechanism: Ngaphezu Kwe-Deoxidation Nje

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi i-CaSi ingeye-deoxidation. Uyiphonsa phakathi, ibamba umoya-mpilo nesibabule, yakha i-slag esintantayo. Incwadi yokufunda. Kodwa i-nuance—ingxenye oyifundayo kuphela uma ugqolozele umbiko wokuhlaziywa kokufakwa—imayelana nohlobo lokufakwayo oludalayo. Ukwelashwa okuhlanzekile kwe-calcium kungaba luqili; iyaguquguquka, isivuno sayo asihambisani. I-silicon ye-calcium, ne-silicon esebenza njengenkampani yenethiwekhi futhi ingamela ukusabela, ikunikeza ukukhululwa okulawulwayo. Umgomo akukhona nje ukususa u-O no-S, uwukwenza noma yiziphi izintambo ze-alumina (Al2O3) ezisele zibe ama-aluminates e-calcium ewuketshezi. Lokhu kufakwa kwe-globular kuthambile, akubambi umlomo wakho wokungena ongaphansi kwamanzi, akubangeli imifantu emgqeni omncane onamandla aphezulu. Yilapho isixhumanisi esiluhlaza siqala khona: ukusakaza okubushelelezi kusho ukunqamuka okuncane, ukuchithwa okuncane, amandla amancane amoshwayo aphinde ancibilike.

Ngikhumbula isivivinyo emshinini wokugaya sithuthela ezilinganisweni eziphezulu ze-scrap ku-EAF yabo—umnyakazo wakudala oluhlaza. Izinsalela eziningi zisho izakhi eziningi ze-tramp, izinsalela eziningi eziguquguqukayo. Ukwenza kwabo okukhona nge-deoxidizer eyisisekelo kuholele ekuvaleni okubi ku-tundish. Sishintshele ebangeni elithile le-CaSi elinesilinganiso esiqinile se-Ca/Si kanye nebanga losayizi wezinhlayiyana ezilawulwayo (cabanga ngo-10-30mm, hhayi impushana). Umthelela osheshayo bekungeyona nje insimbi ehlanzekile ngokwe-spec, bekuyinduna ebona ukuthi basebenzise ama-heater amathathu alandelanayo isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokushintshwa kombhobho. Lokho kuyabonakala. Leso isikhathi esincane sokuphumula, imfucuza encane, amathani amaningi ngehora ngalinye lamandla. Izindleko ze-alloy zaziphezulu, kodwa ukonga kokusebenza kwayikhipha emanzini.

Imodi yokwehluleka lapha ithatha ukuthi yonke i-CaSi iyafana. Umphakeli othanda I-Inner Mongolia Xinxin Silicon Industry Co.,Ltd. (ungabheka ububanzi bomkhiqizo wabo kokuthi https://www.xinxinsilicon.com) izoklelisa imininingwane efana ne-Ca28-Si60 noma i-Ca30-Si58. Lowo mehluko wamaphesenti ambalwa kokuqukethwe kwe-calcium, amazinga omkhondo we-aluminium, i-barium, noma umhlaba ongavamile abangase bahlangane kuwo—kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa ibanga le-calcium ephansi emsebenzini ojulile we-desulfurization kuwukumosha imali nesikhathi. Ugcina ngokungeza okwengeziwe, okwandisa ukuthwebula kwe-silicon, okungenzeka kulahle amakhemikhali akho okugcina. Kuyisenzo sokulinganisa esifundwe ezinyathelweni ezingalungile.

Izinselele Ezisebenzayo Ekucelweni

Ngakho-ke ukhethe ibanga elilungile. Manje, ungena kanjani ekuncibilikeni? Umjovo wocingo uyindinganiso yegolide yokuvunwa nokuphindaphindeka. Ungakwazi ukuyifaka imitha ngokunembile ku-ladle ekujuleni kwesokudla. Kodwa iziphakeli zocingo ziyimali enkulu, futhi ucingo olunamakhodi ngokwalo luyizindleko ezengeziwe. Ezinye izitolo ezincane, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe ezisafufusa, zisaphendukela ekwengezeni izikhwama—ziphonsa izikhwama ezivaliwe epanini ngesikhathi sokuthepha. Inkinga? Uthola ukuvutha okumangalisayo, okumoshayo komhwamuko we-calcium, ukuhlakazeka okungaguquki, kanye nesivuno esingashwibeka sisuka ku-15% siye ku-40%. Ngike ngabona ukushisa lapho iningi le-calcium lisanda kushiswa ohlelweni lokukhipha intuthu. Hhayi eluhlaza, hhayi ukonga.

Isikhathi singenye into yokuzizwa. Engeza kusenesikhathi kakhulu, lapho umsebenzi komoyampilo usephezulu, futhi i-calcium idliwa ngokusabela okuqinile kwe-slag-metal. Engeza sekwephuzile, lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, futhi okufakiwe akunaso isikhathi sokuntanta. Indawo emnandi imvamisa ngesikhathi sokunyakaziswa kwe-argon, ngemuva kokuthi i-deoxidation yokuqala iwise umoya-mpilo omningi phansi kodwa ngaphambi kokuba insimbi iye ku-caster. Ngokuyisisekelo ugeza incibiliko. Ukwenza lokhu kungalungile kusho ukuthi lokho kufakwa koketshezi osebenze ukukudala akuhlukani; bavaleleke emculweni oqina, babe amaphutha.

Bese kuba nokuvumelana kwempahla eluhlaza. Iqoqo le-CaSi elinomswakama ophezulu noma usayizi we-off-spec kungaba inhlekelele. Umswakama uholela ekuthathweni kwe-hydrogen, i-porosity. Usayizi we-off-spec (inhlawulo eminingi kakhulu) uholela ekuhlakazweni okusheshayo nokusabela okungalawuleki. Sake sathunyelwa lapho isikhwama sasingesihle, futhi ingxubevange yayifakwe i-oxyd kancane ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Isivuno sehla, futhi ukuguqulwa kwesibabule ekushiseni okulandelayo kwaba yiphupho elibi. Igcizelela ukuthi kungani kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nomkhiqizi onohlelo oluqinile. Ukukhuluma kuka-Xinxin Silicon ngohlelo lokuphatha oluphelele kanye nesistimu yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nesethi ephelele yemishini yokuhlola ukunemba akukhona nje ukuthengisa okuthambile—yilokho okuvimbela lezi zinhlungu zekhanda. Imigqa yomkhiqizo wabo i-calcium silicon, intambo enezintambo, neziqhumane ziphakamisa ukuthi baqonde uhlelo lokusebenza olwehla nomfula, hhayi nje ukuncibilika.

I-Green Synergy kanye Nokusebenza Kwezinto Ezibalulekile

Ukwenza insimbi okuluhlaza kweqiniso kumayelana nesimo sengqondo esiyindilinga. Ingena kanjani i-CaSi? Okokuqala, ngokuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezindleko eziphezulu ze-scrap. I-Scrap iwumthombo wokugcina wensimbi eluhlaza, kodwa ingcolile. Ukwelashwa kwe-calcium okusebenzayo kuyi-ejenti yokuhlanza eyenza ukuthi izinsalela zisebenze emikhiqizweni yezinga eliphezulu. Okwesibili, ezinqubweni ezifana nokunciphisa okuqondile okusekelwe ku-hydrogen (i-DRI/HBI ukuncibilika), umthombo wensimbi umsulwa kakhulu kodwa uphansi nge-silicon. I-silicon eku-CaSi ingaba ingxenye ewusizo ye-alloying lapha, hhayi nje isithwali, esiza ukushaya okuqondiwe kwe-silicon ngaphandle kokwengezwa okuhlukile kwe-FeSi. Yisimo sezinyoni ezimbili netshe elilodwa.

Kukhona futhi uhlangothi lwe-slag. Ukwenza kahle kwe-CaSi kunciphisa isidingo sokungezwa kwe-lime ngokweqile ukuze kukhishwe isulfurization. Ivolumu ye-slag encane isho amandla amancane okuyishisisa, ukusetshenziswa okuncane kwe-flux, ukuphatha okuncane kwe-slag phansi komfula. Kuyi-lever encane kuyo yonke ibhalansi yesisindo sezitshalo, kodwa lezi zici ezincane ziyahlanganisa. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi ehlose ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-slag ngethani ngalinye lensimbi. Ukuthuthukisa i- i-calcium silicon iphuzu lokwengeza kanye nesilinganiso, ngokuhambisana nomkhuba wokwenziwa we-slag, usike i-ladle slag cishe ngo-8%. Lokho kumosha okuncane kokulahla noma ukucutshungulwa.

Uhlelo lokusebenza olunamaqhuqhuva lwe-ductile iron castings, olukleliswe nguXinxin, luyindawo ehambisanayo kodwa enomgomo ofanayo. Ukusebenzisa ama-nodulers asekelwe ku-CaSi (ene-magnesium) ku-Foundry kungenye indlela yokusebenza kahle kwezinto-ukuguqula insimbi eyisisekelo ibe yinto esebenza kahle kakhulu, ngokuvamile enesisindo esincane, okuwukuwina kokusimama kwezimoto noma ingqalasizinda. Ubungcweti bokukhiqiza ama-alloys angaguquki, ahlanzekile kakhulu kulolu hlelo lokusebenza oludinga kakhulu buhumusha ngokuqondile ukuthembeka okudingekayo ekwenzeni insimbi.

Ukubheka Phambili: Akuyona Inhlamvu Yesiliva, Kodwa Isinikezeli Esibalulekile

Ingabe i-calcium silicon izoba semaphepheni esitshalo esilandelayo se-zero-carbon steel? Akunakwenzeka. Kodwa ingabe izoba ezinqubweni ezijwayelekile zokusebenza zesitshalo? Nakanjani. Njengoba imizila yokwenza insimbi ihlukahluka—i-EAF eyengeziwe, i-DRI eyengeziwe, izinqubo ezixubile—isidingo sokusansimbi kwesibili esinembayo, esithembekile, nesisebenzayo sizokhula kuphela. I-silicon ye-calcium ehlala phakathi kwalokho.

Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo engiyibukayo isezintanjeni ezimboziwe noma ama-alloys ayinhlanganisela athuthukisa ngokwengeziwe isivuno futhi anciphise intuthu. Mhlawumbe ama-alloys enzelwe izingxube ezithile ze-scrap. I-chemistry eyisisekelo ngeke ishintshe, kodwa ukulethwa nokuvumelana kuzoba bukhali. Abakhiqizi abatshala imali kulokho kuvumelana, njengalabo abanemigqa edidiyelwe yokucubungula nokuhlola, kuzoba yilabo abagayi bathembele kubo.

Ngakho-ke, ukugoqa le ramble: uma udweba isu eliluhlaza lokwenza insimbi, ungabheki nje umthombo wamandla kanye ne-reactor. Bheka ibhokisi lamathuluzi elenza umkhiqizo wokugcina usebenze. I-silicon ye-calcium isikrufu esigugile, esithembekile kulelo bhokisi. Ayijabulisi kuze kube yilapho uyidinga, bese ikhwalithi yayo inquma ukuthi inqubo yakho eluhlaza okotshani ikhiqiza ngempela insimbi edayiswayo, esezingeni eliphezulu. Iwumthombo ongaculwa, futhi indima yayo iba bucayi kakhulu njengoba imboni ihlanza isenzo sayo.