Ukuqonda kunye nokulawula imingcipheko yokuFumana kwamalahle

Eli nqaku libonelela ngesishwankathelo esibanzi amalahle avuthayo, ukuhlola iipropati zayo, usetyenziso, kunye nemingcipheko enxulumene nokusingqongileyo nokhuseleko. Siphengulula kwiinkqubo ezibandakanyekayo ekusetyenzisweni kwayo, sivavanya iindlela ezizezona zingcono zokunciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphatha kakuhle. Funda malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze amalahle avuthayo, iimpawu zabo, kunye nendlela yokukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwezicelo ezithile. Sikwaxoxa ngothotyelo lolawulo kunye nenkqubela phambili yamva nje yokunciphisa unyawo lwendalo esingqongileyo amalahle avuthayo ukusetyenziswa.

Yintoni Ukuvutha kwamalahle?

Amalahle okuphunga, ekwaziwa ngokuba ngamalahle e-thermal, luhlobo lwamalahle olusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane kwizityalo zamandla ezishushu. Ibonakaliswa ngumthamo wamandla aphezulu kunye nomxholo ophantsi wesulfure, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele ukutshiswa kwiibhoyila. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukutshisa amalahle ukuvelisa ubushushu, nto leyo evelisa umphunga wokuqhuba iiinjini zomoya nokuvelisa umbane. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo amalahle avuthayo ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweplanti yamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo.

Iintlobo zamalahle okuphunga

Iindidi ezininzi zamalahle zihlelwa njenge amalahle avuthayo, nganye ineempawu ezahlukeneyo. Lo mahluko uphembelela ukufaneleka kwazo kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo zamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa. Iimpawu eziphambili zibandakanya isikhundla (umzekelo, i-bituminous, i-sub-bituminous, i-lignite), umxholo wezinto eziguqukayo, umxholo womlotha, kunye nomxholo wesulfure.

Amalahle eBituminous

Amalahle e-Bituminous luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe amalahle avuthayo, ebonakaliswa ngamandla ayo aphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphantsi. Itshisa ngokulula nangokufanelekileyo, iyenza ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kukuveliswa kwamandla amakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba nomxholo ophezulu wesulfure xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo, ezifuna imilinganiselo eyongezelelweyo yokulawula ukukhutshwa.

I-Sub-bituminous Coal

I-Sub-bituminous coal inomthamo wamandla angaphantsi kune-bituminous coal kodwa kaninzi inomxholo wesulfure osezantsi. Oku kuyenza ibeyenye efanelekileyo kwimimandla enemigaqo engqongqo yokukhupha. Ixabiso layo elisezantsi le-calorific linokufuna uhlengahlengiso kuyilo lwebhoyila kunye neeparamitha zokusebenza.

Amalahle eLignite

Amalahle eLignite, awaziwa ngokuba ngamalahle amdaka ngebala, anowona mxholo usezantsi wamandla phakathi amalahle avuthayo iintlobo. Ubumanzi bayo obuphezulu bufuna ukuguqulwa kwindlela yokuphatha kunye neenkqubo zokutshisa. Ngelixa isoloko inexabiso eliphantsi, ukusebenza kwayo okuphantsi kunye nezinto ezikhutshwayo eziphezulu zinegalelo kwimpembelelo enkulu yokusingqongileyo.

Iimpembelelo zokusiNgqongileyo kunye neNgqwalasela yoKhuseleko

Ukutsha kwe amalahle avuthayo ikhupha iigesi zegreenhouse, kuquka ikharbon diokside (CO2), ezifak’ isandla kutshintsho lwemozulu. Ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ezikhutshweyo ziquka i-sulphur oxides (SOx), i-nitrogen oxides (NOx), i-particulate matter (PM), kunye ne-mercury. Oku kukhutshwayo kunokuba neempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kumgangatho womoya kunye nempilo yabantu. Ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwe amalahle avuthayo zikwabalulekile ekuthinteleni iingozi ezinjengokudubula kothuli nemililo.

Ukunciphisa iiMpembelelo zokusiNgqongileyo

Iiteknoloji ezahlukeneyo kunye nezenzo ziqeshwe ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo amalahle avuthayo ukusetyenziswa. Ezi ziquka:

• I-flue gas desulfurization (FGD) ukususa i-SOx
• Ukunciphisa okukhethiweyo kwe-catalytic (SCR) ukunciphisa i-NOx
• Izixhobo zokulawula izinto ezithile (umzekelo, ii-electrostatic precipitators, izihluzi zelaphu)
• Itekhnoloji yokubamba kunye nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni (CCS).
• Ukuphuculwa kweendlela zokutsha zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle

Ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo kunye neZenzo ezilungileyo

Imigaqo engqongqo ilawula ukusetyenziswa nokuphathwa kwe amalahle avuthayo ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yoluntu. Abanini bemizi-mveliso yombane kufuneka bathobele le migaqo, esoloko ibandakanya ukubeka iliso kungcoliso, ukunika ingxelo, kunye neemfuno zemvume. Ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni iingozi kunye nokuqinisekisa impilo-ntle yabasebenzi kunye noluntu olungqongileyo.

Ukukhetha amalahle okuFumana aLungileyo

Ukhetho olufanelekileyo amalahle avuthayo kuba umzi-mveliso wamandla ubandakanya uphononongo ngononophelo lwemiba emininzi, kuquka:

Ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwezi meko kuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwamandla afanelekileyo kwaye kunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Qhagamshelana neengcali zoshishino kunye nee-arhente ezilawulayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo.

Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe ngezisombululo zamandla azinzileyo, cinga ngokujonga eminye imithombo yamandla. I-Inner Mongolia i-Xinxin Silicon Industry Co.,Ltd uzibophelele ekuboneleleni ngezisombululo ezintsha zekamva lamandla acocekileyo.

¹ Idatha kwiipropati zamalahle inokufunyanwa kwiimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zejoloji kunye noshicilelo lweshishini. Nceda uqhagamshelane nemithombo efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zedatha ethile.