amavuta adafite amakara

Gusobanukirwa Amakara Atari Amakara: Ubuyobozi Bwuzuye

Aka gatabo gatanga incamake yuzuye ya amakara adafite amakara, gucukumbura imiterere, porogaramu, hamwe nisoko ryisoko. Tuzacukumbura ibiranga umwihariko ugereranije n’amakara ya kokiya, dusuzume imikoreshereze yayo itandukanye mu nganda zitandukanye, tunaganire ku isoko ry’iki gihe rigira ingaruka ku itangwa ry’ibisabwa. Wige kubyingenzi byingenzi bigira ingaruka kubiciro byacyo hamwe nigihe kizaza kuri aya masoko yingufu.

Amakara adafite amakara ni iki?

Koresha amakara adatetse, bitandukanye na kokiya yamakara ikoreshwa mugukora ibyuma, ni ubwoko bwamakara akoreshwa cyane cyane kubyara amavuta mumashanyarazi. Irangwa nibintu byayo bihindagurika kandi bifite agaciro gake ugereranije na kokiya. Ubu bwoko bw'amakara bukorerwa inzira aho butwikwa kugirango butange ubushyuhe, buhindura amazi mo amavuta, hanyuma bigatwara turbine kubyara amashanyarazi. Ubwiza n'imiterere ya amakara adafite amakara zitandukanye bitewe n'inkomoko ya geologiya n'imiterere yabyo. Ibintu byingenzi biranga harimo ivu ryarwo, ibirimo sulfure, nagaciro ko gushyushya. Iyi mitungo igira ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa byayo bitandukanye.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi byamakara adatetse amakara

Ubwiza bwa amakara adafite amakara igenwa nimpamvu nyinshi zingenzi zigira ingaruka ku gutwika kwayo ningaruka ku bidukikije. Gusobanukirwa iyi mitungo ningirakamaro muguhitamo ubwoko bwamakara bukenewe kubyara ingufu zikenewe.

Ibirimo ivu

Ivu ryinshi rigabanya ubushyuhe bwamakara kandi rishobora gutuma ibisabwa byongera ingufu mu mashanyarazi kubera kwiyubaka ivu. Ibirimo ivu ryo hasi birahitamo.

Ibirimo Amazi

Amazi menshi ya sulfuru agira uruhare mu guhumanya ikirere, biganisha ku mvura ya aside ndetse n’ibindi bidukikije. Amabwiriza akenshi ashyiraho imipaka kubintu bya sulferi mu makara akoreshwa mu kubyara amashanyarazi.

Agaciro

Agaciro ko gushyushya (mubisanzwe bigaragarira muri BTU / lb cyangwa MJ / kg) byerekana ingano yubushyuhe bwarekuwe mugihe igice cyamakara yatwitse burundu. Indangagaciro zo gushyushya cyane zirakenewe cyane kubyara ingufu nziza.

Ibintu bihindagurika

Ibintu bihindagurika bigira ingaruka ku gutwika amakara. Mugihe amakara yamakara afite ibintu bihindagurika cyane, amakara adafite amakara mubisanzwe bifite ibintu biri hasi, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yaka no gukora neza.

Gukoresha Amashanyarazi Atari Amakara

Porogaramu y'ibanze ya amakara adafite amakara ni mubyara ingufu. Ariko, isanga kandi ikoreshwa mubindi bikorwa byinganda.

Amashanyarazi

Nibikorwa byiganje, hamwe ninganda nyinshi zikoreshwa namakara zishingiye amakara adafite amakara nkibikoresho byabo byibanze kugirango bibyare amashanyarazi. Gutwika amakara bitanga ubushyuhe buteka amazi kugirango habeho umwuka mwinshi. Iyi parike noneho itwara turbine, ikabyara amashanyarazi.

Gushyushya Inganda

Mubikorwa bimwe byinganda, amakara adafite amakara Irashobora gukoreshwa nkisoko yubushyuhe kubikorwa bitandukanye nkumusaruro wa sima cyangwa izindi nganda zubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

Imigendekere yisoko hamwe nicyerekezo cyamakara adafite amakara

Isoko ryisi yose amakara adafite amakara ifite imbaraga kandi iyobowe nibintu byinshi, harimo amabwiriza y ibidukikije, ibisabwa ingufu, niterambere ryikoranabuhanga. Kumenyekanisha imyuka ihumanya ikirere biganisha ku guhinduka kw’isoko ry’ingufu zisukuye, bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gihe kirekire cy’amakara. Nyamara, mu turere twinshi, amakara akomeje kugira uruhare runini mu kubyaza amashanyarazi, bikomeza gukenerwa cyane amakara adafite amakara.

Umwanzuro

Gusobanukirwa imiterere, porogaramu, nisoko ryisoko rya amakara adafite amakara ni ingenzi ku bafatanyabikorwa batandukanye, uhereye ku bakora amashanyarazi kugeza ku bafata ibyemezo. Mugihe imiterere yingufu zigenda zitera imbere, amakara adafite amakara birashoboka ko bizakomeza kuba isoko yingufu zingirakamaro mugihe kiri imbere, cyane cyane mukarere gafite ibigega byinshi nibikorwa remezo byashyizweho. Ubundi bushakashatsi no guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ry’amakara rishobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije zijyanye no kuyikoresha.