Gusobanukirwa Amakara Yoroheje: Ibiranga, Gukoresha, no Gutekereza

Iyi ngingo itanga incamake yuzuye ya amakara yoroheje, gucukumbura imiterere, imikoreshereze, nibintu ugomba gusuzuma mugihe ukorana nubu bwoko bwamakara. Twinjiye mubiranga itandukaniro, tuyigereranya nubundi bwoko bwamakara tunagaragaza imikoreshereze yihariye mubikorwa bitandukanye. Turaganira kandi ku ngaruka z’ibidukikije zijyanye no kuyikoresha. Wige ibyiza nibibi byo gukoresha amakara yoroheje n'uruhare rwayo mu miterere y'ingufu ku isi.

Amakara yoroheje ni iki?

Amakara yoroheje, bizwi kandi nka sub-bituminous amakara, byerekana intambwe murwego rwo guhuza amakara hagati ya lignite (amakara yumukara) namakara ya bituminiyumu. Irangwa nimiterere yacyo hagati, igwa hagati yoroheje, idafite ingufu-lignite nkeya hamwe namakara akomeye, afite ingufu nyinshi. Ubushuhe bwabwo buri hejuru cyane ugereranije namakara ya bituminiyumu, bigira ingaruka kumikorere no gutwikwa. Imiterere yihariye ya amakara yoroheje Irashobora gutandukana cyane ukurikije inkomoko ya geologiya n'imiterere yabyo. Gusobanukirwa nuburyo butandukanye ningirakamaro mugukoresha neza kandi neza.

Ibyiza bya Semi-Yoroheje Amakara

Ibirimwo n'ibirimo ivu

Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga amakara yoroheje nuburinganire bwacyo buri hejuru, mubisanzwe kuva kuri 15% kugeza 30%. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga zayo kandi bisaba guhinduka muburyo bwo gutwika. Ibirimo ivu, igipimo cyibikoresho bidashya, nabyo biratandukanye cyane ariko muri rusange bigwa murwego runaka. Ubushuhe buri hejuru akenshi busobanura kugabanya ubushyuhe kuri buri gice ugereranije namakara ya bituminiyumu. Kumenya neza ubushuhe nibirimo ivu ningirakamaro mugukoresha neza no kugiciro.

Gushyushya Agaciro nibirimo Amazi

Amakara yoroheje ifite ubushyuhe buke bwo hasi kuruta amakara ya bituminiyumu ariko arenze lignite. Agaciro ko gushyushya, kugaragarira mubwongereza Thermal Units (BTU) kuri pound cyangwa megajoules kuri kilo, byerekana ingufu zasohotse mugihe cyo gutwikwa. Ibirimo bya sulferi ni ikindi kintu cyingenzi, kigira ingaruka ku bidukikije kubera imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Amazi meza amakara yoroheje ni Byakunzwe Kuri Impamvu Zibidukikije.

Ibintu bihindagurika hamwe na karubone ihamye

Ibintu bihindagurika birimo amakara yoroheje bigira ingaruka ku myitwarire yaka. Ibintu byinshi bihindagurika mubisanzwe bisobanura amakara yaka cyane yaka byoroshye. Carbone ihamye, ibikoresho bisigaye byaka nyuma yibintu bihindagurika birukanwa, bigira uruhare runini mubushuhe rusange. Ikigereranyo cyibintu bihindagurika na karubone ihamye nikintu gikomeye muguhitamo tekinoroji ikwiye.

Imikoreshereze yamakara yoroheje

Amakara yoroheje isanga ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, nubwo imikoreshereze yayo akenshi iterwa numutungo wacyo no kuboneka. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubyara ingufu, cyane cyane mukarere gafite ububiko bwinshi. Bitewe nubushyuhe buke bwo hasi, birashobora gusaba guhindura ibishushanyo mbonera bihari cyangwa gukoresha tekinoroji yaka umuriro. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda bisaba ubushyuhe, nubwo kuba hari amazi menshi ashobora gukenera guhinduka mubikorwa.

Ibidukikije

Ikoreshwa rya amakara yoroheje, nkibicanwa byose bya fosile, bifite ingaruka kubidukikije. Uburyo bwo gutwika burekura imyuka ihumanya ikirere, cyane cyane dioxyde de carbone, igira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Byongeye kandi, ibirimo sulfure birashobora gutuma habaho imyuka ya dioxyde de sulfure, igira uruhare runini mu mvura ya aside. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no gutwara amakara yoroheje irashobora kandi kwangiza ibidukikije. Kugabanya izo ngaruka ku bidukikije ni ngombwa, kandi harakurikiranwa iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ry’amakara meza.

Gereranya nubundi bwoko bwamakara

Icyitonderwa: Urwego rutangwa kubushuhe, agaciro ko gushyushya, hamwe na sulferi biragereranijwe kandi birashobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n’amakara yihariye hamwe n’ahantu hegereye. Ushaka amakuru yukuri, baza ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya hamwe na raporo zinganda.

Kubindi bisobanuro kubyerekeye umutungo wamakara nibisabwa mu nganda, urashobora kubaza abahanga mu nganda n’imiryango yubushakashatsi. Twandikire kuri Imbere muri Mongoliya Xinxin Silicon Inganda Co, Ltd. kwiga byinshi kubyerekeye ibyo twiyemeje mubikorwa birambye byinganda.